Math Circle Home

Math Circle Home

A joyful, Soviet-style enrichment app for Pre-K through 2nd grade โ€” depth before acceleration, strategies before answers, conversation before quizzes.

435+
curated puzzles, growing daily
10
math strands rotated weekly
22
generators producing infinite variants
7
progressive difficulty levels (Pre-K โ†’ Gr 2)

๐Ÿ‘€ See sample sessions (K, Gr 1, Gr 2) Open the app (login required)

Why this exists

A Romanian high-school graduate at 18 has covered single-variable calculus with proofs, linear algebra, abstract algebra, complex numbers, combinatorics, probability, and analytic geometry. A US student finishing AP Calculus BC has done single-variable calculus, no proofs, and that's it.

The gap doesn't open in 11th grade. It opens in kindergarten โ€” when one tradition is teaching arithmetic drill while the other is teaching structure, decomposition, parity, invariance, systematic listing, and reasoning under constraints.

"Math is not about numbers, equations, computations or algorithms: it is about understanding." โ€” William Paul Thurston

Math Circle Home is a small, focused tool to do that other kind of math at home, joyfully, 15โ€“25 minutes a day.

Six pillars of the design

๐Ÿ“š

1. Pedagogical lineage is explicit

This is not invented from scratch. It draws from a documented tradition of cognitive-development math education:

Alexander Zvonkin โ€” Math from Three to Seven (the Soviet "math circle for preschoolers" classic; the source of our preference for puzzles over worksheets at this age).
Boris Kordemsky โ€” The Moscow Puzzles (the canonical Russian puzzle anthology; many of our logic-classification problems trace back here).
Tracy Zager โ€” Becoming the Math Teacher You Wish You'd Had (the modern clinical articulation of the four magic prompts and the "good struggle" idea).
Jo Boaler โ€” Mathematical Mindsets (the research case for praising strategy over speed; for us, this is why we never time problems).
James Tanton โ€” Curriculum Inspirations (the "explain another way" prompt that ends every problem).
Phil Daro โ€” Common Core architect; influenced our balance-and-equality strand specifically (the radical idea that = means "the same as", not "the answer is").
๐Ÿช„

2. The four magic prompts, baked in

Every problem ends with one or more of these. They are the most reliably underused tools in early math instruction:

  1. "How do you know?" โ€” even after a right answer.
  2. "Can you show it another way?" โ€” fingers, drawing, ten-frame, story.
  3. "What if it were different?" โ€” what if the number were 8 instead of 7? what if there were 3 baskets?
  4. "What did you notice?" โ€” at the end of every session.

Each problem in the bank carries an explain_prompt field. A child can reach the right answer without articulation, but the conversation is what builds long-term mathematical thinking.

๐Ÿงญ

3. Strategy tracking + an optional AI tutor's-eye-view

Most apps track whether a child got the answer. Math Circle Home tracks how they thought about it.

  • Each problem ships with a list of possible strategies a child might use ("count up", "near-doubles", "decompose", "balance model", "work backwards", etc.). These are hand-authored by the curriculum.
  • Parents type a free-text strategy note per attempt. The system stores the verbatim text.
  • Every attempt receives a parent rating: easy, good struggle, or too hard. This rating directly drives level adaptation โ€” targeting the productive-confusion zone.

Optionally, you can opt in to a weekly AI digest: a short, parent-facing note that reads the past seven days of attempts + strategy notes + parent ratings, and surfaces patterns a parent might miss skimming the raw data. Powered by Amazon Bedrock with Anthropic's Claude Haiku 4.5. Data does not leave the AWS region; the model is not trained on your prompts; child names are anonymized to "Child" before being sent.

"Praise the strategy, not the speed." โ€” the principle behind every UX choice in this app.

๐ŸŒŸ

4. Math Circle Night mode

Modeled on the Soviet/Russian after-school math circle: a 20โ€“30 minute session for siblings or small mixed-age groups, working cooperatively on a shared problem. The system composes a mixed-level plan automatically โ€” the older child explains, the younger spots patterns, both contribute.

This is the underrated dimension of the math-circle tradition: math is a social activity. The home version of "math night" can be ten minutes at the kitchen table, but it changes how children identify with the subject.

๐Ÿ“Š

5. Open longitudinal data (JSON / CSV export)

Every attempt, every strategy note, every parent rating, every session plan is exportable as JSON or CSV from the parent dashboard. No proprietary lock-in, no walled garden. A teacher, researcher, or curious parent can:

  • See which strategies a child returns to over time.
  • Track when "good struggle" turns into mastery, by strand.
  • Look for stalled levels and target conversations there.
  • Hand the data to another tool โ€” anki, a spreadsheet, a research project.

The promise: your child's mathematical thinking belongs to you.

๐Ÿ”„

6. A living curriculum that grows with the child

Per-strand adaptive levels. Each child has 10 strand skills tracked independently, each on a 7-level scale (Level 1 โ‰ˆ Pre-K, Level 7 โ‰ˆ mid-2nd-grade enrichment). A child can be at Level 4 in Patterns and Level 2 in Geometry at the same time โ€” and that's the whole point. The system shows progress per strand on the parent dashboard.

The parent rating is the dial. After every problem, the parent rates it easy, good struggle, or too hard. The system uses that โ€” plus rolling accuracy across the last 5 attempts and consecutive-correct streaks โ€” to move the strand level up or down before the next session. "Too hard" twice โ†’ ease down. "Easy" twice in a row โ†’ step up. The child never sees this; the parent sees the level change on the dashboard.

Cooldown + parametric variants prevent staleness. A problem the child has seen in the last 4 sessions won't reappear. 22 parametric generators produce fresh variants on demand (new numbers, new objects, new contexts) and each generated problem is persisted โ€” so the bank grows organically with use rather than draining.

Pre-K has its own depth. Pre-K runs Level 1 (foundational: subitize 1โ€“3, AB patterns, one-attribute sorting, vertical symmetry) and Level 2 (subitize to 6, ABCABC / AABB / two-attribute patterns, multi-attribute sorting, shape-constancy-under-rotation, count-on, decomposition of 5 and 7). Same parent-led format at both levels โ€” but the cognitive demand at Level 2 maps to late Pre-K / pre-K-to-K-bridge work, not a re-skin of the foundational set. Per-strand skill tracking is on for Pre-K too: a child can be at L2 in Patterns and L1 in Measurement, just like Kโ€“2.

Pre-K-to-K graduation, on real evidence. The dashboard surfaces a "Ready for Kindergarten?" prompt only when a Pre-K child has reached Level 2 in at least 7 of the 10 strands, with 25+ attempts logged and no recent "too hard" pattern. That's "meaningfully engaged with the deeper Pre-K material," not "clicked through a few foundational warm-ups." One click promotes them and the Kโ€“2 7-level adaptive engine takes over from there.

Open-source, auto-deploy. Every push to main triggers a GitHub Action that pulls and restarts the live service within ~15 seconds. Curriculum changes ship as I write them, not on a release cadence.

Bank-size projection (parametric growth ร— 365 sessions ร— typical generation rate) lands in the ~2,000โ€“6,000 problem range over 1โ€“3 years of daily use; the exact figure depends on which strands a child gravitates toward.

The 10 strands we rotate across

Most American Kโ€“2 math sits in two strands: number sense and addition/subtraction. We rotate across ten:

๐Ÿ”ข Number Sense

Subitizing, counting, ten-frames, place value, comparing.

โž• Add/Sub Structures

Part-whole, change, comparison โ€” the shapes of arithmetic, not just answers.

๐Ÿ” Mystery Numbers

Secret-number puzzles that plant the seed of algebra without symbols.

โš–๏ธ Equality & Balance

"=" means the same as. True/false equations, balance scales.

๐Ÿ” Patterns

Repeating, growing, function-machine. Predict and explain.

๐Ÿง  Logic & Sorting

Attribute games, "is not" clues, line-ups, pigeonhole reasoning.

๐Ÿ”บ Geometry & Space

Symmetry, paper folding, mental rotation, tangram, position words.

๐Ÿ“ Measurement

Length, time, money, weight โ€” standard and child-invented units.

๐ŸŒณ Counting Ways

How many ways? Outfits, paths, breakdowns. Early combinatorics.

๐ŸŽฒ Math Games

Two-player strategy (Nim, Race-to-100, Pig). Strategy = invariant thinking.

How a session works

Every daily session is 15โ€“25 minutes and follows the same shape โ€” modeled on the Russian math-circle session structure:

  1. โ˜€๏ธ Warm-up: 3 quick mental-math rounds (often parametrically generated, so they never repeat).
  2. ๐Ÿงฉ Rich puzzle: one juicy problem worth talking through (5โ€“8 minutes).
  3. ๐Ÿ–๏ธ Visual / hands-on: ten-frames, blocks, paper folding, tangrams.
  4. ๐Ÿ“– Story problem: a small situation to model and solve.
  5. ๐Ÿ’ฌ Explain: "How do you know?" โ€” the most important question in math.
  6. ๐Ÿก Kitchen-table follow-up: a physical activity to play later with toys, coins, or food.

The session composer adapts difficulty per-child, per-strand, in real time. There's no single "Grade 1 track" โ€” Danica might be at Level 4 in patterns and Level 2 in geometry, and that's the whole point.

What's not here, on purpose

What we don't doWhy
Speed timing on problems Speed pressure correlates negatively with deep understanding (Boaler 2014). We never time anything.
Stars, gold coins, leaderboards External rewards reliably crowd out intrinsic interest in math. The reward IS the puzzle being satisfying.
Cartoon characters teaching algorithms The teacher is the parent. The animation is the child explaining their own thinking.
"Drill mode" / fluency races Our position: Kโ€“2 is the wrong age for fluency drill. Number sense first โ€” fluency follows it, not the other way around.
Pushing toward formal algebra The seeds of algebra (mystery numbers, balance thinking, equality both ways) are everywhere. The notation can wait until Grade 4โ€“5.

For school administrators

Could this scale to a classroom or a district?

Today the architecture is "single-household local-first" โ€” one parent, โ‰ค4 children, SQLite database, single EC2 t2.micro instance. The promotion path to multi-tenant is straightforward:

  1. Switch the database connection string to Postgres (no schema port needed; SQLAlchemy supports both natively).
  2. Add a User/Family table as the tenant boundary; the Child model already keys cleanly under that.
  3. Move the seed bank to S3 so it can be updated independently of code releases.
  4. Front the app with a CDN; pages are mostly read-mostly per child.
  5. Add classroom-mode auth (teacher account โ†’ multiple children โ†’ cohort dashboard).

Estimated cost at 1,000 active families: ~$30/month infrastructure on AWS.

Where is the data stored? Is it private?

All session data lives on one EC2 instance Chris controls. SQLite snapshots are encrypted at rest and backed up nightly to a private S3 bucket. No third-party analytics, no telemetry, no data sharing. The full export is a single button in the parent dashboard โ€” you can download everything your family has ever entered as JSON or CSV.

For a multi-tenant deployment, the operator would need to define a privacy policy and either keep data per-tenant in isolated databases or apply row-level security in Postgres. The codebase is licensed permissively โ€” schools can fork and self-host.

How does Chris use the optional "what did your kid say?" notes?

If you fill in the optional capture field after a Pre-K activity (or the strategy-notes field at any level), Chris may read those notes in aggregate to improve the curriculum โ€” adjust which problems work for which ages, add missing prompts, drop ones that aren't landing, write new ones. This is the only "we use your data" use of your family's content.

Concretely, what Chris sees: the notes themselves, the problem they're about, the strand and rating. Not seen: your child's name (notes are reviewed under a child ID, never a name), your email, your location, anything else about your family.

This is not a third-party data sale; the notes never leave the EC2 instance, never get sent to ad networks, never get sold or shared. They're used the same way a teacher uses notes after a lesson โ€” to make the next lesson better.

You can leave every capture field blank without breaking anything; sessions run identically whether you fill them in or not. If you ever want a note pulled from the corpus, email Chris and he'll remove it.

What does the optional AI digest do โ€” and what about privacy?

If a parent opts in (it's off by default; the opt-in screen requires reading a "what gets sent" disclosure first), the system runs one short call per week to Anthropic's Claude Haiku 4.5 via Amazon Bedrock. The model writes a parent-facing note about the past seven days of practice โ€” strategies, productive struggle, and a few suggestions for the week ahead.

What's sent: problem titles, strands, attempt outcomes, parent ratings, time-spent, and any parent-typed strategy notes from the last 7 days.
What's not sent: the child's real name (replaced with "Child" before the call), credentials, location, anything about other children.

Bedrock's contract: prompts and completions are not used to train models, do not leave the AWS region they're invoked in (us-east-1 here), and are not seen by any third party. The data lives only inside the customer's own AWS account.

Disabling AI digests at any time is a single button on the dashboard; past digests are retained, future ones are not generated.

What does the research say about this approach?
  • Boaler, J. (2016). Mathematical Mindsets. Strategy-praise > speed-praise; "low floor, high ceiling" tasks; reasoning over computation.
  • Carpenter, T. P. et al. (2003). Thinking Mathematically. The case for treating equality as a relation between two equally-valued expressions, not as "compute the answer".
  • Russian Math Circle tradition (Zvonkin, Stankova). Documented advantage of conversational, problem-based early math over algorithmic instruction. Most striking finding: by age 12, the gap between "circle kids" and "drill kids" is roughly 2โ€“3 grade levels of mathematical sophistication.
  • Tanton, J. Curriculum Inspirations. Practical taxonomy of how to extend a problem rather than move on.
How is the curriculum kept current?

Every change to the codebase is auto-deployed within seconds. New problem types ship monthly. The parametric generators produce fresh content indefinitely โ€” the bank effectively grows by roughly 50โ€“80 problems per active family per month of use.